The Physics of Boomerangs Essay -- Science Toys Essays

The Physics of Boomerangs The successful flight of a boomerang looks as though it never should happen. Its more or less circular flight path comes from the interaction of two physical phenomena: the aerodynamic lift of the arms of the boomerang and the spinning boomerang’s maintenance of angular momentum. Briefly put, the airfoil at the boomerang’s forward rotating edge provides more lift than its rearward rotating edge. This elevates one side of the boomerang. The spinning object maintains angular momentum by turning at a right angle to its axis of rotation. When the spin and the velocity of boomerang are just right, it flies away and returns in an aesthetically satisfying circle. The boomerang’s distinctive flight starts with its aerodynamic properties. Boomerangs come in a variety of shapes. The traditional forms are variations on an L with equally long arms. There are also boomerangs with three or even four arms radiating from a center. And there are delta boomerangs.1 Whatever the configuration, every boomerang has airfoils at its extremities. Looking outward from the center of rotation of the boomerang, the left side of the blade is the leading edge of the air foil for right-handed throwers.2 As the boomerang spins, the airfoils at its perimeter create lift. Our text, Physics: A World View, discusses aerodynamics and Bernoulli’s principle. It explains the relationship between the velocity of a fluid and the pressure that the fluid exerts. A fluid gains energy when it speeds up as, for example when it goes through a constricting area in a pipe or passes around an airfoil. Since the gravitational potential energy is constant, the change is in kinetic energy. Since there is an acceleration of the fluid, the press... ...d San Francisco. McGraw-Hill Company Limited, 1982. 20-21. 5http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/bern.html. I also visited several Google sites, â€Å"boomerang,† though I did not draw on them for this project. They generally have a bit of (undocumented) history/anthropology, some physics, and throwing instructions. For example: http://www.gel-boomerang.com/, and http://www.boomerangs.org/ (pictures of some odd shapes). This is consistent with my experience. Trying to put more spin on the boomerang mainly has the effect of making a throw unnatural and therefore prone to fly into the ground. 7When in college, my daughter would often suggest â€Å"going to throw a boomerang† as a first date. Her idea was that she learned a lot about a guy seeing him cope with failing miserably--a certainty the first time out with a boomerang--at a seemingly simple athletic activity. The Physics of Boomerangs Essay -- Science Toys Essays The Physics of Boomerangs The successful flight of a boomerang looks as though it never should happen. Its more or less circular flight path comes from the interaction of two physical phenomena: the aerodynamic lift of the arms of the boomerang and the spinning boomerang’s maintenance of angular momentum. Briefly put, the airfoil at the boomerang’s forward rotating edge provides more lift than its rearward rotating edge. This elevates one side of the boomerang. The spinning object maintains angular momentum by turning at a right angle to its axis of rotation. When the spin and the velocity of boomerang are just right, it flies away and returns in an aesthetically satisfying circle. The boomerang’s distinctive flight starts with its aerodynamic properties. Boomerangs come in a variety of shapes. The traditional forms are variations on an L with equally long arms. There are also boomerangs with three or even four arms radiating from a center. And there are delta boomerangs.1 Whatever the configuration, every boomerang has airfoils at its extremities. Looking outward from the center of rotation of the boomerang, the left side of the blade is the leading edge of the air foil for right-handed throwers.2 As the boomerang spins, the airfoils at its perimeter create lift. Our text, Physics: A World View, discusses aerodynamics and Bernoulli’s principle. It explains the relationship between the velocity of a fluid and the pressure that the fluid exerts. A fluid gains energy when it speeds up as, for example when it goes through a constricting area in a pipe or passes around an airfoil. Since the gravitational potential energy is constant, the change is in kinetic energy. Since there is an acceleration of the fluid, the press... ...d San Francisco. McGraw-Hill Company Limited, 1982. 20-21. 5http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/bern.html. I also visited several Google sites, â€Å"boomerang,† though I did not draw on them for this project. They generally have a bit of (undocumented) history/anthropology, some physics, and throwing instructions. For example: http://www.gel-boomerang.com/, and http://www.boomerangs.org/ (pictures of some odd shapes). This is consistent with my experience. Trying to put more spin on the boomerang mainly has the effect of making a throw unnatural and therefore prone to fly into the ground. 7When in college, my daughter would often suggest â€Å"going to throw a boomerang† as a first date. Her idea was that she learned a lot about a guy seeing him cope with failing miserably--a certainty the first time out with a boomerang--at a seemingly simple athletic activity.

business plan Essay -- essays research papers

Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor Fast ‘n Fresh Ice Cream â€Å"Fast ‘n Fresh- - good for you!† Statement of Purpose   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of this business plan is to support a request for a 75,000 five-year bank loan to purchase equipment and inventory as part of the financing for a start-up sole proprietorship, Fast ‘n Fresh Premiun Ice Cream Parlor. The business will be owned by Daniel W. Beese and will be located in leased space at 858 Success Ave in the new Riverside Faire shopping center, Jacksonville, FL 32211. The owner will provide a minimum of 75,00 in initial equity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The business will serve healthy and premium ice cream, yogurt, sandwiches, and nonalcholic beverages to the generally upscale target market of Riverside Faire. Based on the financial and competive analysis presented in this plan, Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will be sucessful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is anticipated that Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will become established in Jacksonville, FL within two years and will become known throughout the North Florida area within five years with the potential of multiple locations. The Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor’s distinct logo, it’s reputation for fast service and only the freshest ingredients, plus it’s slogan, â€Å"Fast ‘n Fresh- good for you!† will provide a distinctive competive edge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The owner, Daniel W. Beese, has founded three highly successful food service businesses in the North Florida area. The owner holds an undergraduate degree and a MBA from the University of Florida. The Business Description   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will be a start-up ice cream parlor located in leased space at 858 Success Ave in the new Riverside Faire shopping Center, Jacksonville, FL 32211. A ninety-day option has been taken on this location. The estimated opening day is April 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daniel W. Beese will own the business as a sole proprietorship. Each of the business owned by Daniel W. Beese has broken even after only six months and was sold for a minimum of three times the owners investment. Fast ‘n Frsh Ice Cream Parlor will be an upscale restaurant selling premium ice cream, yogurt, sandwiches, and hot... ...ations in Jacksonville, FL. The closest Superior Flavors is four miles away . Superior Flavors is well known for their creative yogurt and ice cream flavors. Their products are priced moderately and they do not serve sandwiches. Superior Flavors has a competive advantage with it’s name recognition. Fast ‘n Fresh has a advantage beacuse it offers sandwiches. Personnel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The business will operate using local University, Community College, and high school students as it’s principle employees. This will reflect a youthful, invigorating image consistent with its â€Å"Fast ‘n Fresh -- good for you!† slogan. The manager will be an experienced person from one of the owner’s other businesses. A special employee benefit will be Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor scholarships covering tuition and books. This offer will only be good after employees complete the ninety day probation period. The majority of the employees will be part time with a full time manager. Student employees will earn 6.50/hr with oppurtunities for pay increases. The manager will be paid 10% above prevailing salary levels. A policy of promotion form within will be adopted.

Huck Finn: Oh, the Irony of Society!

Satire is a subtle literary technique involving the criticism of human idiocy through scorn and biting irony. With a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade of crude bias and prejudice, satire's influence lies in the reader's capability of interpretation. Due to Mark Twain's constant application of racial aspersions, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn contains strong implications of an archetypal racist novel. However, with satirical insight and the shrewd application of realism and irony, the novel reveals itself to hold an opposing stance through its harsh ridicule of white society. Utilizing a sense of realism for the setting for his novel, Twain correctly portrays historical accuracy in the perspective of white society through the prejudice he presents. Twain attempts to instill a sense of authenticity in his readers while indistinctly instilling novel concepts that grow stronger and undeniable by the novel's conclusion. For example, when Aunt Sally hears of a steamboat explosion: â€Å"Good gracious! anybody hurt?† â€Å"No'm. Killed a nigger.† â€Å"Well, that's lucky, because sometimes people get hurt, â€Å"(167). Almost laughable in its absurdity, this quote portrays whites in a callous light, revealing their disdain for black lives. Aunt Sally is a respected figure in white society, not an outcast like Pap or the King and the Duke. Yet her judgment is no better than Pap's comments on his contempt of educated blacks; she simply does not consider them â€Å"people.† Twain's motivation was to exhibit the horrors of the south at that time, how highly regarded people in society were so heartless, not feeling any remorse for the loss of a life simply because it was black. Jim is another excellent example of Twain's usage of realism. Jim characterizes the stereotypical black slave, with terrible grammar, a nearly indiscernible accent and superstitious to the point of idiocy. Twain's agenda in typecasting Jim is not to deride blacks, but to make Jim a realistic, believable character by setting him up as a conventional black slave. Jim requires such establishment because he represented an individual with moral standards far above those of most whites, such as Pap and the Duke and the King. He is the moral center of the novel, sacrificing his freedom out of loyalty to Huck. Twain's message through Jim is clear: Even the average black slave has a more honorable soul than the majority of the white population. A notion profoundly difficult for Twain's intended audience to grasp, Huck becomes a liaison between his audiences, helping to bridge the difficulty of comprehension through his own confusion. One particularly monumental instance was after the separation in the fog, Huck tries to lie to Jim. However, when Jim realizes that Huck is trying to trick him, he voices his regret and disappointment of the broken trust. It is at this moment that Huck realizes Jim's keen sense of morality, and almost instantly feels apologetic. â€Å"It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger-but I done it, and I wrn't every sorry for it afterwards neither. I didn't do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn't done that one if I'd ‘a' knowed it would make him feel that way,† ( ). The mere fact that Huck is regretful for hurting Jim, a black slave, shows Jim's impact on him, the â€Å"pinch of conscience† (Poirier 6) that the sheer morality of the man created in him. Irony was another strong factor in Twain's method of persuading his audiences. He effectively uses petty, seemly insignificant instances such as Tom Sawyer's boyish delusions of grandeur as metaphors of greater connotation. When questioned about his intricate plans, Tom replies, â€Å"Do you want to go doing different from what's in the books, and get things all muddled up?† (7). Tom is clearly a portrayal of white society, and his actions reflect his environment. On a larger scale, Huck's confusion about society's notions on respectability is similar to the questions presented toward Tom, and the answers given in return are analogous as well. â€Å"We have before us the creation in words of a whole society built on games, tricks, and illusions, and the adult version is only superficially different from the children's† (Poirier 2) There is hardly any common sense involved with decisions, only a common law established by unknown authorities and blindly upheld by the conformity of the masses. Due to his role as an outcast of white society, â€Å"Huckleberry Finn took the first journey back. He was the first to look back at the republic from the perspective of the west. His eyes were the first eyes that ever look at us objectively that were not eyes from overseas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 1) Twain challenges his readers by such mockery, inviting them to join Huck's rational judgment, one unclouded by the shackles of the populace. Through subtle application, Mark Twain used realism and irony to contribute to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, his satirical masterpiece. He uses white society's degrading of blacks and their unconscious actions to illustrate his obvious scorn of white society's hypocrisy and conformity, allowing for the gradual realization of the bleakness of white society.

Arc Assembly and Continental Collision

Arc Assembly and Continental collision in the Nonprescription East African Oregon: implications for the consolidation of Gondola's The Pan African Organic cycle, Is derived from Kennedy's (1964) term, Pan-African Thermo-tectonic episode to characterize the thermal differentiation of Africa into cartons and into mobile belts during the late Precambrian (now known as Nonprescription) and earliest Phoenician (Paleozoic) In 1981 McMillan argued that Gondola's was assembled from 2 fragments east and west Gondola's and he thought that this occurred along the Monomaniac Belt and Its extension to the north (Arabian-Nubian Shield) In 1984Kronor refined this term (Pan-African) to be involving a protracted organic cycle from 950 – 450 Ma ( a span of 500 Ma). The tectonics associated with this Is not restricted to Africa alone. Events to similar age occur throughout Gondola's (all the southern continents) but also Laurie (made up of Baltic [most of northern Europe and European Russia] Ast rakhan [Central Asia. China and Malaysia, Siberia {475 – 490 Ma} ) and Laurent (North America and Gondola's) with which it collided. The timestamp of 500 Ma is much longer than any Phoenician rookery.So preference to the Pan-African organic cycle must suffice until the timing and regional extent of discrete tectonic events is better understood and constrained. Uranium- lead dating would be recommended because it has a small error margin of 2 Ma. In 1994 Stern said that with the East African Oregon – Pan African are represented hallmarks of modern plate tectonics. Lunging abundant politesse, calculate battalions and volcanic sequences, and immature classic sediments When it comes to politesse, the horizontal displacements worked out are huge.The politics napes have traveled several 10 and maybe a few sass of kilometers. Pan-African metamorphism has resulting In granulate formations which suggest Cristal over thickening due to continent collision. East African Rookery = 500 Ma North American Cordillera (350 Ma – Present) Mountain Belt stretching from Western Europe to the Eastern Asia (called Sensor [1987]) the Thesis's organic collage Aching thinks that the development or the assembly of Gondola's was more complex than Just bring to continents together.The Western part was from different parts but the time is what is hard to grasp. politesse, arcs and the size of the Macaque ocean. Stern 94 considers several pieces of evidence. For example the politesse of the Arabian Nubian-Shield (ANSI Wilson Cycle dynamics, spreading and subsection rates and he advances the argument that the Macaque Ocean is likely to have contained the seafloor that was to the order of 100 Ma or older, when it was subjected.HIS conclusion Is that the Macaque basin was a large ocean basin (area 10000 Km wide) ‘Off The collision to West and east Gondola's The east African Oregon in Eke and TX has long been recognized as manifesting an episode of Tibetan style contin ental collision and Cristal thickening. The most direct evidence of the timing of the collision between continental blocks of east and west Gondola's comes from the age of granulates exposed in the EAI. These granulates 15 – 45 km of uplift and erosion. The East African granulates show where the greatest thickness occurs.Granulates are not found North of Central Sudan and southern Ethiopia but are common in S, Kenya, Malawi and Macaque. The crust in the southern EAI contrasts with that in the north in 2 fundamental ways. 1 . Whereas the crust to the north is largely intact, and lies preserved 20 or more km pep, in the present day crust, the crust in the southern EAI crops out as tectonic slices we do not know what composes the present lower crust of the southern

Critically Evaluate the Case for Social Partnership Between Unions and Employers

Critically evaluate the case for social partnership between unions and employers The concept of social partnership originates from the Rhenish model of industrial relations. It has passed in to the British lexicon through the European Union. At a European level the social partners are trade unions and employers federations. However in the UK the employers peak federation the CBI has indicated that it is unwilling to fulfil such a role at a national level. Instead the Anglo-Saxon model of social partnership operates a company and workplace level. This essay will investigate the arguments for and against social partnership on the Anglo-Saxon model from the perspective of the employer and trade union. It will recognise that the criteria for judging the efficacy of social partnership differ between employers and unions. The case for social partnership from the employer perspective is ambiguous and will be contingent on management attitudes and business strategy. It will argue that while social partnership undoubtedly presents problems for trade unions it is by far the lesser of two evils when compared with individualised employee involvement and human resource management policies. Trade unions should promote partnership as an alternative ideology to capital driven unitarism. If implemented in the context of collective bargaining mutual gains principals offer a model for company level social partnership. Proponents of the mutual gains enterprise are quite clear that it is not a universally applicable prescription. To be made to work it requires high levels of investment in human resources, employees cannot be treated as just another cost, to be trimmed where possible. However companies willing to pursue ‘mutual gains’ policies benefit from increased productivity and creativity, and consequently higher profitability. Companies that are trying to compete purely on the basis of lowest cost would not be able to implement the principles. Kochan and Osterman marshal considerable case study evidence to support their theory. However at the moment the empirical research to validate it does not exist . Freidman (1977) has proposed that employer strategies towards the workforce are contingent on the economic cycle. When factors are favourable employers are more likely to emphasise policies with elements of employee involvement and greater trust that are likely to win loyalty and support of the workforce. While in times of recession, declining profitability and an unfavourable labour market positionemployers are more likely to fall back on authoritarian policies, cutting back wages and increasing supervision. This may provide a framework for understanding the conditions in which employers are prepared to enter into social partnership agreements. Kochan and Osterman offer the further hypothesis that mutual gains theory will work better if the enterprise recognises independent trade unions. They argue that union based voice mechanisms are more effective than the alternatives because they recognise that the interests of the workforce and the company will not always be in unison. Where conflicts do arise union voice mechanisms allow them to be negotiated and resolved without compromising the climate of co-operation and trust. This is not a view shared by everyone. Nestle provide an example of a company introducing HRM practices to achieve mutual gains objectives in parallel with traditional collective bargaining. In the long run Nestle management expect traditional industrial relations to wither away, replaced by individual relationships between the company and its employees. (Taylor, 1994:131). Given that there are conditions in which employers are more likely to pursue employee involvement policies I would offer the hypothesis that the union attitude is an important factor influencing the way in which an employer introduces HRM and employee involvement strategies. If the union is not prepared to work in partnership the employer may proceed with policies that would have the effect of de-collectivising the workforce and marginalising the union. If the union side are prepared to engage in partnership at a strategic level then the form of partnership may be considerably more favourable to unions and there members. There is currently no data available to test this hypothesis rigorously, however case studies may shed some light on the area.

Othello Literary Essay

Othello Literary Essay Although Emilia is not the protagonist of the play, her role is very important in Othello. Through her conversations with Desdemona and Iago, we develop a finer understanding of their characters. She plays as a catalyst when stealing Desdemona's handkerchief, and exploits Iago's villainy. Through Emilia, we see Iago's personality better. Iago's sneering attitude towards his wife and women in general shows the lack of respect and low opinion he has for them. When he says â€Å"Come on, come on. You are pictures out of doors, bells in your parlours, wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries, devils being offended, players in your housewifery, and housewives in your beds† (2. 1. 109-112) Iago is stating that Emilia is a whore who inflicts injuries on others, but puts on an appearance of innocence. In response of learning Iago's view of women, we learn that Emilia's cynical view of men is they â€Å"are all but stomachs, and we are all but food. They eat us hungrily, and when they are full, the belch us† (3. 4. 100-101). By this quote, we see how Emilia perceives men to use women for their own needs and then get rid of them. She openly admits to Desdemona in act 4, scene 3, that women should be equal to men, instead of seen as possessions and objects under their control. From her close relationship with Desdemona, we learn that she is really the honest and sweet woman she known to be. This helps us know that what Iago says to Othello are lies and makes her death even more tragic. Her loveless marriage with Iago is the mirror image of Desdemona and Othello's relationship. Therefore, it enhances the love and intimacy in their marriage. Emilia's major contribution in Othello is when she steals the handkerchief for her husband, Iago. When Emilia sees the handkerchief fall, she immediately picks it up, which is a major development, in not only Iago's plot, but also the plot of the play, and says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times woo'd me to steal it† (3. 3. 292-293). This shows that even though Emilia is cynical, she still wants to please her husband. Emilia knows this was the first gift Othello had given to Desdemona and means to give it back. Emilia says she will â€Å"have the work ta'en out and give't Iago† (3. 3. 296-297). Meaning she would have the handkerchief copied and given the copy to Iago, despite not knowing the purpose he wants it for. Unfortunately, she doesn’t have the chance to carry out her plan because Iago appears and snatches it from her. She protests â€Å"If it be not for some purpose of import, give't me again: poor lady, she'll run mad when she shall lack it† (3. 3. 316-318). Iago then, very rudely, tells her to keep her mouth shut and sends her away. Stealing the handkerchief is not only a dramatic moment in Othello, but a very important one, too. If Emilia had not found this handkerchief, Iago would not have been able to devise his plan. Being that he uses the handkerchief as evidence to convince Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio by dropping the handkerchief in his chamber. Emilia is oblivious to the fact that because of her single, wrongful act towards her mistress, Desdemona, she has sent herself and many other characters in the play to their death. From the little bit of Emilia that we see – or read – in the play, she is very obedient, as a Renaissance woman should be. But, as the play progresses, she finally shows a turn of character and becomes a strong and courageous woman. The last scene is when she is most authentically herself as she defends Desdemona, who is murdered on her bed by her husband Othello. Despite threats from Othello, she calls for help, and denounces Iago by saying â€Å"You told a lie, an odious, damned lie; upon my soul, a lie, a wicked lie. She false with Cassio! Did you say with Cassio? (5. 2. 180-182) when he entered the chamber with Montano, Lodovico, Gratiano, and Cassio. Iago continuously tells her to charm her tongue, but she will, with courage â€Å"speak as liberal as the north† (5. 2. 220). In a desperate attempt to save himself Iago commands Emilia to go home when she replies with â€Å"Good gentlemen, let me have leave to speak; 'tis proper I obey him, but not now. Perchance, Iago, I will ne'er go home† (5. 2. 195-197). Othello, trying to recover himself, explains to Gratiano the handkerchief he found in Cassio's hands. At the mention of the handkerchief, Emilia confesses â€Å"O thou dull Moor! That handkerchief thou speak'st of I found by fortune and did give my husband† (5. . 225-226). At this point, Othello knows he's been lied to. Iago stabs Emilia and escapes. Emilia is crucial because she is the only one that sees Iago for who he truly is, and because of Emilia's honesty and bravery, Othello knows he has committed an unlawful death. To sum up, Emilia is important because of the relationships she builds with other cha racters in the play, more importantly with Desdemona, which Iago exploits to use to his advantage and her unknowing help of stealing the handkerchief plays a critical role in his scheme.

Themes of Crhistian Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Themes of Crhistian Faith - Essay Example lshtain judges the historical and modern events through the prism of religious and divine monism and promotes a view that only sovereignty of God can give societies a better sense of dignity, decency, and common sense. Elshtain’s book is a sustained examination, critique, and interpretation of monistic understanding of the sovereignty of God, states, and selves (227). The central thesis of the book claims that as a sovereign state is sovereign to God, so sovereign selves are to sovereign states (159). Elshtain’s book revolves around the topic of monistic religions, the finality of God’s religious word, and the conflict between individual autonomy and the power of religion. Elshtain discusses and evaluates the changes that have occurred to the current position of religion against the state: today, individuals seek to rely on individual judgments and no longer regard the word of God as the source of the ultimate truth. Elshtain refers to the case of Terry Schiavo to judge and condemn her family’s decision to let Terry die. Elshtain is confident that a truly theological state would not let family members kill Terry simply because she was causing them discomfort. Elshtain a sserts that Terry’s family members applied to the power of the state, state laws, and their autonomy to take the decisions that go against the will of God. Elshtain is confident that the shift of God’s sovereignty to the sovereignty of state marks the erosion of decency, dignity, and common sense in society and gives way to using others for the sake of personal comfort. The discussion of the bound and unbound state and self are among the central categories in Elshtain’s book. These categories reflect the two opposing dimensions of the moral theory and represent the two dramatically different aspects of philosophic and religious reasoning. The discussion of state-bound and self-bound categories must begin with the reference to the Biblical scriptures. In ACTS 5:29 we read: â€Å"Peter and