Is leadership and management the same of different Analyse different Essay

Is leadership and management the same of different Analyse different perspectives and present your argument - Essay Example The question is worth-discussing, so this work will try to define who leaders and managers are and what are their tasks through the history of leadership and management beginning from 80th till the formation of modern approach. Leaders and managers: who are they? One of the simplest approaches to differentiation of management and leadership was presented by Prof. John Kotter in his book â€Å"A Force for Change†. â€Å"The purpose of leadership is seen in bringing about movement and useful change and the purpose of management is to guarantee stability, consistency, order and efficiency† (Kotterman, 2006). Both, leadership and management are important for success of any organization. From definition suggested by Kotter it is clearly seen that it is not only possible to interchange these concepts, but it should be mentioned that these concepts define quite different things: management is for stability, leadership is for change. Moreover, it is quite relevant to note that managers and leaders can be people from the same class. A very interesting explanation of management and leadership is given in the book â€Å"Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge† (1985): â€Å"Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right thing† (Fairholm 1998, p. 17). ... This interest was caused by the growing development of Japanese business world. Japanese organizations had their secret: they substituted mechanical function of managers by a facilitative and developmental function (Fairholm, 1998). In America this tendency was ‘wrongly copied’ and managers were mixed up with leaders by a mistake. This process is perfectly described in the following citation: â€Å"To punish managers for letting us down, we blessed leaders with the good-guy styles and damned management with the bad-guy ones. The next step was to portray leaders as transformational and managers as transactional† (Kotterman, 2006). It is clearly seen, that in 80s it was rather hard to differ between managers and leaders. Moreover, a function of managers was even neglected and very often at that time managers were described as ‘control freaks’ (Kotterman, 2006). Kotter’s claim was one of the most understandable at that complicated period: he claim ed that managers have to deal with difficulties and leaders are focused on change and innovation. Generally, in 80s the main interest of scientists and researchers was focused on leaders, while the function of managers was not interesting for them anymore. Managers’ function to motivate employees for successful performance was taken away from them by leaders. In the book â€Å"Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations† (1985) Bernard Bass claims that leaders have to be responsible for human resources motivation. The main drawback of researches and studies of that time was a lack of attention to the performance of leader’s functions. In other words, these studies were not practically implemented (Fairholm, 1998; (Martin, 1999). It

Case study about John F kennedy and the bay of pigs , cuban missile

About John F kennedy and the bay of pigs , cuban missile crisis - Case Study Example However, this president could later on be seen as living up to the policies of his predecessor; Eisenhower. This was clearly evident when he decided to adopt the Bay of Pigs Invasion and gave a go head to his military without giving it much thought. President J. F Kennedy became a leader during the era of nuclear war. He believed that no nation could confidently win a nuclear war. According to Kennedy, the main cause of war and civil strife in the 20th century was Miscalculations. He, therefore, with the counsel of his Intelligence agency, designed and employed a military strategy that was known as the Flexible Response. This strategy was put in place with the anticipation that it would reduce such wars that result from miscalculations. Even though J. F Kennedy had been regarded by many as one of the most flexible and rational presidents of the United States, there had been criticism that he was not as prudent as Eisenhower and, had made the USA even worse. However, these arguments are subjects of a heated debate as there are no diplomatic records on this topic2. By the time Kennedy came to power, the Soviet Union had made several steps ahead of the US in the space exploration. The Soviet had already acquired considerable skills in nuclear war and was becoming a threat to the US, which was at that time very vulnerable to the missile attacks. Soviet Prime Minister, Nikita Khrushchev, in one of the speeches, had announced that their nation was ready for any liberal war3. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a planned attack on Cuba by the American Central Intelligence Force. It was during the time when Cuban government, under the leadership of Fidel Castro, was experiencing defection from the government officials and the citizens4. United States of America, therefore, decided to take advantage of this situation and arranged to attack Fidel in disguise of the defectors. The invasion had been planned before President Kennedy took over from Eisenhower.

Mark Twain/ Huck Finn Essay -- essays research papers

In Mark Twains’ books he relates himself to a characters by giving them some of his personal life and history. In the book The Adventures of Huck Finn, Mark Twain relates the most to the main character of Huck Finn. Mark Twain and the character Huck Finn have similarities in their lives, such as, Twain placing Huck on the river he grew up on, having Huck not be specific with his religious beliefs, and never staying in the same place for long.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main thing that stood out in the book was that the story always happened around the river. Huck would go away from the river for a while but would always end up coming back to it a short time later. It was the same way with Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens. â€Å"Mark Twain† is a river man's term for water that was just barely safe for navigation (Kaplan). He was only four years old when his family moved to Hannibal, a small town in Marion County on the west bank of the Mississippi River. There Clemens spent his boyhood, amazed by the romance and shocked by the violence of the river life, with the steamboats, keelboats, and giant lumber rafts, as well as by the people who washed up by the river, the professional gamblers and confidence men. Near the river, the men were fierce and had little cares. It was no place for a young boy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Further from the banks of the Mississippi was Hannibal. Hannibal was a fine place to raise children. There were many places to go with fun things for young boys to do. Twain let his imagination go when he went to places like Holliday’s Hill and the caves close to the summit, where he may have played pirates just like Huck. A close friend of Clemens was Tom Blankenship, the son of the village drunkard, who was to be immortalized years later as Huck’s friend Tom Sawyer (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer). Tom Sawyer is Huck Finn’s best friend in the book. Tom freely invents lies and loves adventure, just as Tom Blankenship did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Clemens was just a young boy he saw death on the river and in his owns home. One of his sisters died when he was four years old, and his brother died three years later when he was seven years old (Encyclopedia Britannica). After the death of Samuel Clemens’ father, it became necessary for him to contribute to supporting his family. He worked so hard that he bu... ...g. So Clemens rode the Mississippi for almost four years, and he remembered these years as the most carefree of his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The river is the main focus of the book. They never seem to stay away from it for very long. Even with all the bad stuff going on at the river, it seems to be the only place that Clemens and Huck can find peace. The river even takes his evil father away from him for good. Through spending so much time with Jim, and all the experiences on the river, Huck reveals a strong sense of humanity (â€Å"Huck Finn Notesâ€Å"). He showed this when he did everything he could to save the two murderers who fell off of the ship. Huck will always do everything that he can to help a person if they need it. Huck is a very clever character who always thinks his plans out, unlike Tom who just acts upon an idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clemens seems to use his childhood experiences to write this book. To represent his self as a child he uses Huck and lets him live out all of his childhood adventures. Twain and Finn are similar because they both grew up on the river, have no specific religious beliefs, and they never stay in one place for a long time.

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics V by: Quinee Mae B. Tumaliuan

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS V I. Objectives A. Visualize, identify and describe 3-4 sided polygons B. Draw 3-4 sided polygons C. Identify different geometric figures D. Observe patience and discipline in doing assigned works E. Work cooperatively and collaboratively in all activities II. Subject Matter Topic: Visualizing 3-4-Sided Polygons Reference: BEC-PELC III. 1 Materials: manila paper, cartolina, marker, cut-outs of polygons Strategy: Interactive Teaching Strategy Values: Patience, Cooperation and Discipline III. ProcedureTeacher’s ActivityPupils’ Activity A. Preparation Good morning class! Good morning ma’am! B. Review (Socialized Recitation) Identify the following geometric figures 1. point? 2. line segment ? ? 3. ray 4. parallel lines 5. intersecting lines 6. perpendicular lines 7. right angle 8. acute angle 9. obtuse angle 10. polygon C. Presentation What is the figure below? A figure of a man What particular geometricpolygons figure is used to represent the body parts? What polygons can you seerhombus, rectangle, in this picture? trapezoid, triangle arallelogram, square The class will be divided into 4 groups Each group will be given envelopes containing polygons and activity card. They will follow the instructions that were written in the activity cards. Activity card: B. Separate the 3-sided polygons from that of the 4-sided polygons. C. Number the polygons separately as 1, 2, 3, etc. D. Measure the length of the sides of the numbered polygons. E. Record the data F. Tell something about the polygons based from the data. G. Discuss you observations among the group. D. Discussion What do we call 3-sided olygons? triangles What are the kinds ofequilateral, isosceles, polygons according to sides? and scalene Who can draw and describe each triangle? What are the kinds of anglesobtuse, right and according to angles? acute triangle What do we call 4-sided polygons? quadrilaterals What are the differentrectangle, square, kinds of quadrilaterals? rhombus, parallelogram and trapezoid Who can draw and describe(pupils answer) each type of quadrilateral? E. Generalization Three-sided polygons are called triangles Kinds of triangle according to sides: 1.Equilateral triangle- three sides are equal or congruent 2. Isosceles triangle-two sides are congruent 3. Scalene-no two sides are congruent Kinds of triangle according to angles: 1. Obtuse triangle-one angle is obtuse 2. Right triangle-one angle is right 3. Acute triangle-three sides are all acute Four-sided polygons are called quadrilaterals 1. Rectangle- has two pairs of equal opposite sides and it has four right angles 2. Square- all sides are equal and it has four right angles 3. Rhombus- has four equal sides 4. Parallelogram- has both pairs of opposite sides parallel . Trapezoid- it has one pair of opposite sides parallel IV. Application Name each triangle and write if it is equilateral, isosceles or scalene. 1. 2. 2cm4cm 3cm3cm 6cm 3cm 3. 10cm 4. 4cm 4cm 6cm 8cm 2cm Name each triangle and write if it is acute, right or obtuse. 4550 5. 6. 45 40 7. 22 8. 30 28 50 130 100 Encircle the correct name to identify each quadrilateral 1. Trapezoid Rectangle 2. Square Trapezoid 3. Rectangle Parallelogram 4. Rhombus Square 5. Parallelogrsam Trapezoid V. Evaluation Match column A with column B Column AColumn B 2.It has four equal sidesa. trapezoid 3. Three sides are congruentb. parallelogram 4. A 3-sided polygon with twoc. equilateral triangle 5. sides equal 6. A 4-sided polygon with oned. isosceles triangle pair of parallel sides 7. A 4-sided polygon with twoe. rectangle pairs of parallel sidesf. square VI. Assignment Draw the following polygons and assign a corresponding measurement for each sides or angles. 1. equilateral triangle 2. square 3. trapezoid 4. rectangle 5. rhombus 6. scalene triangle 7. right triangle 8. parallelogram 9. acute triangle 10. isosceles triangle

Consciousness Is Not An Illusion - 1631 Words

Consciousness poses the most baffling challenges in scientific realm of the mind. There’s nothing with which we share an intimate relation than conscious experience, but there’s nothing so strenuous or demanding to explain. Perhaps no other aspect of mind is more puzzling than this mystifying experience that we encounter in our every day life. There’s a widespread disparity amongst individuals regarding the existence of this entity. Some might argue that consciousness is not more than a foolish idea, though there are some stances where investigations over its existence hadn’t yield anything to prove it’s very existence in nature, while others have held an opposite view, and contended that its very existence can be explained in empirical†¦show more content†¦Disregarding ⠁  the physicality of the consciousness, the difference between it and unconsciousness is first and foremost a matter of subjective experience. Either the lights are on, or they are not! To say that consciousness may only â€Å"seem† to exist, however, is to admit its existence in absolute terms. Even if I just happen to be a brain and nothing else in a tank full of water, and I establish that all my memories are false and that what I observe and perceive of the external world that doesn’t really exist, cannot deny the fact the I am still having an experience of some kind. This all is required for me or any other conscious being to wholly establish the reality of consciousness. Therefore, according to me, it’s the one thing in this vast ocean of universe that cannot be an illusion for sure. Saad 2 Rene Descartes, a French philosopher mostly known for his Meditations, argued that consciousness is self-evident because we cannot logically deny the existence of our mind at the same time using it to do the denying. â€Å"I think, therefore, I am†- Rene Descartes Therefore, in relation to his citing, I cannot think of myself as an objective being doing the denying unless my mind is not aware of it. In other words, one cannot think of doing anything if he’s not in a state of consciousness. Neurological Approach to Consciousness We all are very familiar with the very

Marcus Brutus The Tragic Hero Of Julius Ceasar - 972 Words

â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.†(Aristotle). It should be noted that the Heroes downfall is his own fault as a result of his own free will, At times his death is seen as a waste of human potential. His death usually is not a pure loss, because it results in greater knowledge and awareness. In Julius Ceasar, William Shakespeare develops Marcus Brutus as the Tragic Hero whose ambition and naivety in his blind confidence in the nobility of man sparked guidance in a series of events which inevitably forced him to succumb to self destruction. First and foremost Brutus is the Tragic Hero of the play as has been said. Now with the title of Tragic hero comes a weakness, a tragic flaw in the characters†¦show more content†¦Now my final point in the showing of the naivety of dear Brutus is how he allows Antony to speak in Caesars funeral. He trusts that Antony will not speak ill of the conspirators and will only speak as a friend to Ceasar and give a eulogy of him. For he says, â€Å"That’s all I seek; †¦/And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend/ Speak in order of his funeral.†(Antony 3.1).Brutus takes Antony’s word that he will not turn up insurrection against the conspirators for he believes all men a honest and noble. As we know Antony is not true to what he says and turns the tides against the conspirators and sparks anarchy in Rome. This all due to his tragic flaw which will lead to his death. Shakespeare developed Marcus Brutus as the Tragic Hero whose ambition and naivety in his blind confidence in the nobility of man sparked guidance in a series of events which inevitably had him destroy himself. Perhaps Shakespeare is trying to give a lesson to those that view or read this play. It may be that he is telling us how our flaws if not watched and cared for may lead us on the wrong path of life and have us do things we never thought we were capable of in the sense of wrongdoing. Maybe he is saying that we may all have the potential to be our own tragic heroes in the play that we know as life. With that being said we would have a tragic flaw that would lead to anguish, demise and or death. In fact Brutus the Tragic hero of the play ended his life on the count of his flaws. HisShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pages2004). One of Shakespeare’s most famous plays, Julius Caesar, believed to b e written in 1599 (Shakespeare, 1998), was based off of the work of Plutarch, a Greek historian, biographer and essayist. Plutarch documented the lives of over 46 notable Greeks and Romans (Blackburn, 2008). Although Shakespeare found use for most of the material through his several Roman plays, for Julius Caesar he focused on Plutarch’s Life of Julius Caesar and Marcus Brutus (Mabillard, 2000). Coriolanus, one of Shakespeares

My Experience At My Life - 741 Words

September 14th, 2011, the last day I have in Manado, Indonesia. My family and friends were in the airport, waiting for me, while I was checking in my luggage. When I went back, all of my friends were standing and smiling at me. I know they were sad, but they tried to cover it with their smile. I gave each one of them a t-shirt that has writing about them, and they gave me the same thing. We talked, laughed, and joked around until it was time for me to go. Tears were falling down on their cheeks, when they heard that it was time for me to go. I gave my family and friends a hug, and went to the terminal. My journey started, when I got in to the airplane. It was a long-long journey, I thought, because it took hours to get to Los Angeles. I was excited at first, but then sad again when I think about home. I was crying while I was on the airplane, thinking, how my life is going to be in Harbert Hills. I had some stops. The first stop was at Changi Airport, Singapore. We have to stay there for a night, until the next flight (the next day). The airport is really nice and clean. They have free internet, a free place to rest, and it is very safe too, so I do not have to worry about my suit case. I was on the computer most of the night, checking my e-mails and Facebook. I could not sleep that night, because I was thinking about my life at home, and again, how is it going to be in Harbert Hills. The second stop was at Narita Airport, Tokyo, Japan. It was only 45Show MoreRelatedMy Experience In My Life742 Words   |  3 Pagesone has a perfect life or even a perfect family. At times I have experienced what losing someone or something that meant so much to me. I always wondered to myself about why these situations happen to me, which also led me to put myself in a depression stage. My father was diagnosed with liver cancer and infection in his stomach area in March 2015. As he was in and out of the hospital. First, Growing up I never had a good life but I was lucky to have both of my parents in my life. It was a bond withRead MoreMy Experience In My Life1013 Words   |  5 Pages At this point in my life , if i review my previous experiences i would say that i am fairly pleased. Ive been able to gain numerous life and academic skills through hard work and determination. Though many of my experiences havent been pleasant ,in a way it has helped me grow and build my character as a person. As individuals we all go through many harsh obstacles , obstacles we sometimes think we will never overcome . but eventually we do . right ? think about it evenRead MoreMy Experience With My Life1356 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not have an abundant number of passions myself. In fact, as I think about it there are really only two subjects of interest that I feel rise to the level of passion for me; my God and sports. These two areas have been integral parts of my life for as long as I can remember. 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With spring break approaching my family and I were going to change that, we were going to South Carolina. One dreary cold Indiana morning my family andRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult to write about my life—not because I do not know what to say, but because I am often fearful of sharing my experiences and having them impact how people view me. My identity and upbringing are not necessarily unique, but I have been in situations that society tends to be uncomfortable with. Repeated sexual assaults, psychological abuse, neglect, and financial hardships are factors in my life that I tried to forget when I started college. Now that I am at the end of my undergraduate educationRead MoreMy Writing Experience : My Experience In My Life921 Words   |  4 PagesAs a Human, throughout life there are many skills that are critical to acquire, during childhood and as you become older. One of the most important and useful skill you will need is writing. From first, learning to write words and sentences, to more advanced writing like essays. Everyone learns to write a little differently, some ways are learning from your parents or learning words and letters in kindergarten. As you get further down the path of life you develop higher skills of writing. As peopleRead MoreMy Experience On My Life953 Words   |  4 PagesThe wind was slicing through my hair as my sweat was dripping off my metallic purple frames. I placed each foot on each of the pedals and took off. My whole world was filled with the rattling sounds coming from the dreaded training wheels. Everything would always come to a stop whenever I would hit each bump. â€Å"I need to get these thing off!† I thought constantly. The training wheels were such a nuisance because they gave me a wobble that kept me off balance, and they provided no extra speed. ThereRead MoreMy Experience In My Life1850 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough while growing up and forming into the person I am today. Going through all the experiences I have gone through, I didnâ€⠄¢t realize how much they would impact me today and serve as lessons. Today I am a freshman in college. I did not think I would make it this far. The precious gift of life is to enjoy every moment as if it is your last. May 12, 2007. Boom. A sound I will remember forever. My eyes are wide and my jaw drops. I can’t believe what I’m seeing. Let’s start from the beginning. On this